gestalt philosopher Kurt Koffka is often misquoted as saying "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts," this quote was translated wrong and should have been "The whole is other than the sum of the parts". Koffka did not like the translation and corrected students of his work saying "This is not a principle of addition". The idea being that the whole has an independent existence from the parts that make it.
Max Wertheimer believed that thinking happens in two ways, productive and reproductive.productive thinking involved solving problems with the use of insight. This is a quick unplanned response to a situation or environment. Reproductive thinking involves solving problems using previous experiences and what we already know.
Charles J. Brainerd and Valerie F. Reyna proposed the cognitive theory called the Fuzzy-trace Theory. The theory has been used in a variety of areas including cognitive psychology and has been used to explain false memory and risk perception and estimation. the theory states that we store information in two separate traces. The first one is the verbatim and stores exact detail,for example each individual letter of a word and the shapes that make up each letter. the second is the gist. the gist stores is our perception, the semantic and conceptual properties. For example the gist would contain the meaning of the word and what we associate it with e.g colour, taste, location. gestalt psychology is associated with how we encode memory in the gist.
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